The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2018

Authors

Gaubert, P (Author) Other; Agostinho Antunes (Author) FCUP; Meng, H (Author) Other; Miao, L (Author) Other; Peigne, S (Author) Other; Justy, F (Author) Other; Njiokou, F (Author) Other; Dufour, S (Author) Other; Danquah, E (Author) Other; Alahakoon, J (Author) Other; Verheyen, E (Author) Other; Stanley, WT (Author) Other; O'Brien, SJ (Author) Other; Johnson, WE (Author) Other; Luo, SJ (Author) Other

Journal

Title: Journal of Heredity

Vol. 109

Pages: 347-359

ISSN: 0022-1503

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 53 Citations

Scopus - 59 Citations

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-00R-3ZK

DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx097

Abstract (EN): Pangolins, considered the most-trafficked mammals on Earth, are rapidly heading to extinction. Eight extant species of these African and Asian scale-bodied anteaters are commonly recognized, but their evolutionary relationships remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of pangolins, based on genetic variation of complete mitogenomes and 9 nuclear genes. We confirm deep divergence among Asian and African pangolins occurring not later than the Oligocene-Miocene boundary ca. 23 million years ago (Ma) (95% HPD = 18.7-27.2), limited fossil evidence suggesting dispersals from Europe. We recognize 3 genera including Manis (Asian pangolins), Smutsia (large African pangolins), and Phataginus (small African pangolins), which first diversified in the Middle-Upper Miocene (9.8-13.3 Ma) through a period of gradual cooling coinciding with a worldwide taxonomic diversification among mammals. Based on large mitogenomic distances among the 3 genera (18.3-22.8%) and numerous (18) morphological traits unique to Phataginus, we propose the subfamily Phatagininae subfam. nov. to designate small African pangolins. In contrast with the morphological-based literature, our results establish that the thick-tailed pangolin (Mams crassicaudata) is sister-species of the Sunda (Manis javanica) and Palawan (Manis culionensis) pangolins. Mitogenomic phylogenetic delineations supported additional pangolin species subdivisions (n = 13), including 6 African common pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) lineages, but these patterns were not fully supported by our multi-locus approach. Finally, we identified more than 5000 informative mitogenomic sites and diagnostic variation from 5 nuclear genes among all species and lineages of pangolins, providing an important resource for further research and for effectively tracing the worldwide pangolin trade.

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 13