MASSES, RADII, AND ORBITS OF SMALL KEPLER PLANETS: THE TRANSITION FROM GASEOUS TO ROCKY PLANETS

• Type: Article in International Scientific Journal
• Date: 2014

Authors

Marcy, GW (Author) Other; Isaacson, H (Author) Other; Howard, AW (Author) Other; Rowe, JF (Author) Other; Jenkins, JM (Author) Other; Bryson, ST (Author) Other; Latham, DW (Author) Other; Howell, SB (Author) Other; Gautier, TN (Author) Other; Batalha, NM (Author) Other; Rogers, L (Author) Other; Ciardi, D (Author) Other; Fischer, DA (Author) Other; Gilliland, RL (Author) Other; Kjeldsen, H (Author) Other; Christensen Dalsgaard, J (Author) Other; Huber, D (Author) Other; Chaplin, WJ (Author) Other; Basu, S (Author) Other; Buchhave, LA (Author) Other; Quinn, SN (Author) Other; Borucki, WJ (Author) Other; Koch, DG (Author) Other; Hunter, R (Author) Other; Caldwell, DA (Author) Other; Van Cleve, J (Author) Other; Kolbl, R (Author) Other; Weiss, LM (Author) Other; Petigura, E (Author) Other; Seager, S (Author) Other; Morton, T (Author) Other; Johnson, JA (Author) Other; Ballard, S (Author) Other; Burke, C (Author) Other; Cochran, WD (Author) Other; Endl, M (Author) Other; MacQueen, P (Author) Other; Everett, ME (Author) Other; Lissauer, JJ (Author) Other; Ford, EB (Author) Other; Torres, G (Author) Other; Fressin, F (Author) Other; Brown, TM (Author) Other; Steffen, JH (Author) Other; Charbonneau, D (Author) Other; Basri, GS (Author) Other; Sasselov, DD (Author) Other; Winn, J (Author) Other; Sanchis Ojeda, R (Author) Other; Christiansen, J (Author) Other; Adams, E (Author) Other; Henze, C (Author) Other; Dupree, A (Author) Other; Fabrycky, DC (Author) Other; Fortney, JJ (Author) Other; Tarter, J (Author) Other; Holman, MJ (Author) Other; Tenenbaum, P (Author) Other; Shporer, A (Author) Other; Lucas, PW (Author) Other; Welsh, WF (Author) Other; Orosz, JA (Author) Other; Bedding, TR (Author) Other; Campante, TL (Author) Other; Davies, GR (Author) Other; Elsworth, Y (Author) Other; Handberg, R (Author) Other; Hekker, S (Author) Other; Karoff, C (Author) Other; Kawaler, SD (Author) Other; Lund, MN (Author) Other; Lundkvist, M (Author) Other; Metcalfe, TS (Author) Other; Miglio, A (Author) Other; Aguirre, VS (Author) Other; Stello, D (Author) Other; White, TR (Author) Other; Boss, A (Author) Other; Devore, E (Author) Other; Gould, A (Author) Other; Prsa, A (Author) Other; Agol, E (Author) Other; Barclay, T (Author) Other; Coughlin, J (Author) Other; Brugamyer, E (Author) Other; Mullally, F (Author) Other; Quintana, EV (Author) Other; Still, M (Author) Other; Thompson, SE (Author) Other; Morrison, D (Author) Other; Twicken, JD (Author) Other; Desert, JM (Author) Other; Carter, J (Author) Other; Crepp, JR (Author) Other; Hebrard, G (Author) Other; Santerne, A (Author) Other; Moutou, C (Author) Other; Sobeck, C (Author) Other; Hudgins, D (Author) Other; Haas, MR (Author) Other; Robertson, P (Author) Other; Lillo Box, J (Author) Other; Barrado, D (Author) Other

Journal

Title: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

Vol. 210

Final page: 20

ISSN: 0067-0049

Publisher: American Astronomical Society

Indexing

ISI Web of Knowledge - 256 Citations

Scopus - 132 Citations

Other information

Authenticus ID: P-009-3WJ

DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/210/2/20

Abstract (EN): We report on the masses, sizes, and orbits of the planets orbiting 22 Kepler stars. There are 49 planet candidates around these stars, including 42 detected through transits and 7 revealed by precise Doppler measurements of the host stars. Based on an analysis of the Kepler brightness measurements, along with high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and (for 11 stars) asteroseismology, we establish low false-positive probabilities (FPPs) for all of the transiting planets (41 of 42 have an FPP under 1%), and we constrain their sizes and masses. Most of the transiting planets are smaller than three times the size of Earth. For 16 planets, the Doppler signal was securely detected, providing a direct measurement of the planet's mass. For the other 26 planets we provide either marginal mass measurements or upper limits to their masses and densities; in many cases we can rule out a rocky composition. We identify six planets with densities above 5 g cm(-3), suggesting a mostly rocky interior for them. Indeed, the only planets that are compatible with a purely rocky composition are smaller than similar to 2 R-circle plus. Larger planets evidently contain a larger fraction of low-density material (H, He, and H2O).

Language: English

Type (Professor's evaluation): Scientific

No. of pages: 70