Physical Chemistry of Solid State

Code:

Q4064

Acronym:

Q4064

Keywords
Classification	Keyword
OFICIAL	Chemistry

Instance: 2017/2018 - 2S

Active?	Yes
Responsible unit:	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Course/CS Responsible:	Master in Chemistry

Cycles of Study/Courses

Acronym	No. of Students	Study Plan	Curricular Years	Credits UCN	Credits ECTS	Contact hours	Total Time
M:Q	7	Official study plan until 2022/2023	1	-	6	56	162

Teaching language

English

Objectives

This course aims at providing the students with the study of the structure and properties of the solid state from the perspective of physical chemistry, with focus on bonding in solids, crystal structure and phase equilibria and phase transitions in solids.

Learning outcomes and competences

At the end of this course the student should be able to:

- understand the physico-chemical principles underlying bonding, structure and phase equilibria of the solid state;
-  identify and describe the main types of chemical bonding in solids;
- characterize ordered crystalline structures;
- relate the properties of solids with the properties of the constituent atoms and their arrangement in the crystalline lattices;
- analyze and understand phase diagrams of pure solids and their mixtures.

Working method

Presencial

Program

Module 1: Bonding in Solids

1.1 Ionic bonding. 1.2 Ions and ionic radii. 1.3. Lattice energy of ionic crystals. 1.4 Validity of the ionic model. 1.5. Electronic structure of solids: quantum mechanics review; basics of molecular orbital theory; model of one-dimensional crystal; metallic bonding and band theory ; bands in three dimensions; energy bands and density of states; band structure in metals, insulators and semi-conductors; quantum theory of conduction: electrons in simple periodic potential models.
1.6. Illustrative examples of some inorganic solids including transition metal compounds and graphene.

Module 2: Structure of Solids

2.1 Crystal structures: fundamentals; unit cells and Bravais lattices; metallic structures; density computations; polymorphism and allotropy. 2.2 Crystallographic points, direction and planes: Miller indices; linear and planar densities; close-packed structures (metals, alloys, ionic, covalent and molecular structures). 2.3 Crystalline and non-crystalline structures: single crystals, polycrystalline materials; X-ray diffraction.  2.4 Crystal defects, non-stoichiometry and solid solutions.

Module 3: Phase equilibria and phase transitions in solids

3.1 One-component systems; binary systems: simple eutectics, complex phase reactions, solid solutions; ternary systems. Technologically important phase diagrams. 3.2 Melting; order-disorder transitions; magnetic order; spinodal decomposition; nucleation and growth; glasses and glass transition.

Mandatory literature

Borg Richard J.; The^physical chemistry of solids
West Anthony R.; Solid state chemistry and its applications. ISBN: 0-471-90874-6
Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula and Ronald Friedman; Quanta, Matter, and Change, Oxford Univ. Press, 2009
Kittel Charles 1916-; Introdution to solid state physics. ISBN: 0-471-11181-3

Teaching methods and learning activities

The classes consist of theoretical lectures, tutorials and problem solving classes. The topics are introduced theoretically in lectures, and the concepts are better understood in the “hands on” approach at practical classes where different quantitative exercises are to be solved and discussions on specific topics are promoted. Whenever suitable there will be invited lectures by scholars and visits to lab facilities related to the experimental study of solid materials.

Evaluation Type

Distributed evaluation with final exam

Assessment Components

designation	Weight (%)
Participação presencial	30,00
Teste	70,00
Total:	100,00

Eligibility for exams

All classes are mandatory. The students must attend a minimum of 3/4 of the total number of classes in order to be admitted for evaluation.

Calculation formula of final grade

Type of evaluation: Distributed assessment with final exam (or tests for each module 1-3). The final grade, FG, is calculated according to:

FG = 0.70 x T + 0.30 x CA

- T: Tests
- CA: Continuous Assessment (0.10 per module)

T = (T1 + T2 + T3) / 3

To pass, the student must have: T1 ≥ 8, T2 ≥8, T3 ≥ 8 and T ≥ 10