Algebra
| Keywords |
| Classification |
Keyword |
| OFICIAL |
Mathematics |
Instance: 2025/2026 - 1S 
Cycles of Study/Courses
Teaching Staff - Responsibilities
Teaching language
Portuguese and english
Objectives
The student should know and understand the concepts and basic results of the theory of rings and modules, including basic familiarity with the classical examples. It is intended that this unit contribute to the development of skills of abstract reasoning and familiarity with the mathematical method.
Learning outcomes and competences
The aim of this course is that students will learn the basic concepts of algebra at the level of a master course.
Working method
Presencial
Pre-requirements (prior knowledge) and co-requirements (common knowledge)
Prerequisites: two semesters of linear algebra, one semester of group theory.
Program
This is an introductory course in ring theory with an emphasis on modules. We will study several important classes of rings and modules, bringing forth aspects of commutative and noncommutative ring theory. Both major classical results as well as recent directions of research will be highlighted.
The following items will be covered:
1. Notions of Ring Theory
1.1 Homomorphisms, subrings, ideals and quotient rings
1.2 Division rings and examples.
1.3 Matrix rings and simplicity of rings
1.4 Semigroup rings and Free rings
2. Commutative Rings
2.2 Localization
2.3 Construction of finite fields
3. Module Theory
3.1 The category of modules
3.2 Short exact sequences
3.3 Tensor products
3.4 Projective Modules
3.5 Injective Modules
3.6 Semisimple Modules
3.7 Jacobson's Radical and Nakayama's Lemma.
3.8 Artin-Wedderburn, Maschke and Krull-Schmidt Theorems. Applications
4. Goldie theorem
Mandatory literature
Lam T. Y.;
A first course in noncommutative rings. ISBN: 0-387-97523-3
Goodearl K. R.;
An introduction to noncommutative Noetherian rings. ISBN: 0-521-36086-2
Passman Donald S.;
A course in ring theory. ISBN: 0-534-13776-8
Complementary Bibliography
Brec5a1ar Matej;
Introduction to noncommutative algebra. ISBN: 9783319086927
Rowen, Louis; Ring Theory (students edition), Academic Press, Inc., 1991. ISBN: 0-12-599840-6
Herstein I. N.;
Topics in ring theory. ISBN: 0-226-32802-3
John A. Beachy;
Introductory lectures on rings and modules. ISBN: 0-521-64340-6
Teaching methods and learning activities
The contents of the syllabus are presented in the lectures, where examples are given to illustrate the concepts.
keywords
Physical sciences > Mathematics > Algebra
Evaluation Type
Distributed evaluation without final exam
Assessment Components
| designation |
Weight (%) |
| Teste |
100,00 |
| Total: |
100,00 |
Amount of time allocated to each course unit
| designation |
Time (hours) |
| Estudo autónomo |
180,00 |
| Frequência das aulas |
63,00 |
| Total: |
243,00 |
Eligibility for exams
Attending classes is not compulsory.
Calculation formula of final grade
There will be 2 testes, the fisrt will during classes and the second will be on the day of the first final exam. On the day of the first final exam, student are allowed to repeat the first test. The final score will be given by the following formula
0.4*T1+0.6*T2
where T1 is the score of the first test and T2 the score of the second.
The second final exam will be divided into 2 parts, each corresponding to one of the tests. Students will have the possibility of writing just one part and having in the other part the score of the correspondent test, if they want.
Special assessment (TE, DA, ...)
Special exams will consist of a written test, which might be preceded by an eliminatory oral test to assess whether the student satisfies minimum requirements to tentatively pass the written test.
Classification improvement
Students that had passed the course in the current or in previous academic years can only improve their grade by taking the exame of the make up exame phase, they are allowed, in case they are students of this academic year, to replace part of the exam by one of the tests.
Observations
Any student may be required to take an oral examination should there be any doubts concerning his/her performance on certain assessment pieces.